{"id":125668,"date":"2026-03-21T15:15:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T13:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fosfanariou.gr\/?p=125668"},"modified":"2026-03-21T15:15:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T13:15:53","slug":"o-raidestinos-logotechnis-kai-dimosiografos-namik-kemal-1840-1888","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fosfanariou.gr\/index.php\/2026\/03\/21\/o-raidestinos-logotechnis-kai-dimosiografos-namik-kemal-1840-1888\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039f \u03a1\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 Nam\u0131k Kemal (1840-1888)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#123247\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/mark><\/strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#123247\" class=\"has-inline-color\">, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2*<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f Nam\u0131k Kemal\u00a0 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 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(\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 Tekirda\u011f) \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0398\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1848 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u00a0\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd Mustafa Has\u0131m Bey \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Fatma Zehra Han\u0131m.\u039f Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Fatma Zehra Han\u0131m \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5) Abdullatif Pa\u015fa \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0391\u03c6\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1, \u039b\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c9\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03a1\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 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href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u00a0 Nam\u0131k Kemal \u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1868 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u00a0\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Ali Suavi, \u00a0Ziya Bey \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00a0Agah Efendi \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u00a0<em>H\u00fcrriyet<\/em> (\u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1) \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.\u00a0\u03a4\u03bf 1870 \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1871 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u00a0 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ali Pa\u015fa \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf 1872 \u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Nuri, Re\u015fat \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Eb\u00fczziya Tevfik \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 <em>Ibret<\/em> (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1) \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u00a0 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 mutasarr\u0131f (\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03bf\u03c5-\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 <em>VatanYahutSilistre (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03a3\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1<\/em> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a1\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 11 \u039c\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 23 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1854 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5), \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1873 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 <em>Ibret,<\/em> \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b9\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf Gedikpa\u015fa \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 6 \u0391\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u00a0<em>Ibret<\/em>\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bc\u03bc\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03cd\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc 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\u0391\u03bc\u03c0\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b6\u03af\u03b6 \u0391\u0384(30 \u039c\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03c5 1876) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4 \u0395\u0384, \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Suray-i Devlet)\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (Kanun-i Esasi Enc\u00fcmeni) \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Midhat Pa\u015fa.<a id=\"_ftnref5\" href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 23 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1876.\u00a0 \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf 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\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf \u039b\u03ad\u03c3\u03b2\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1879 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c6\u03b7\u03c2-\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0 (Mutasarr\u0131f: \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ca\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7). \u03a4\u03bf 1884 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a1\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 1887 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1888 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Bolayir \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5.<a id=\"_ftnref6\" href=\"#_ftn6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u039f Nam\u0131k Kemal \u00a0\u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (Divan Edebiyat\u0131-\u039a\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1) \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Sinasi \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc \u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2\u00a0 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f Nam\u0131k Kemal \u00a0\u00a0\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00a0 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 <strong>vatan (\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1) <\/strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>h\u00fcrriyet (\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1)<\/strong> \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.\u00a0 \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u00a0\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039d\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. <a id=\"_ftnref7\" href=\"#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2-\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Nam\u0131k Kemal\u00a0 \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f\u00a0 Nam\u0131k Kemal \u00a0\u00a0\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u039d\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9 \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 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\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c6\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c6\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<a id=\"_ftnref9\" href=\"#_ftn9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00a0Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 1941 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Cezmi Erg\u00fcn. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 <em>Intibah<\/em>(\u0391\u03c6\u03cd\u03c0\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7-\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0 1876) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>\u00a0Cezmi<\/em>(\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2-1880), \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9:\u00a0<em>Vatan Yahut Silistre<\/em> (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03a3\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 1873), <em>Zavall\u0131 \u00c7ocuk<\/em> (\u039a\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u00a0\u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af 1873), <em>AkifBey<\/em> (1874), <em>Celaledin Harme\u015fah<\/em> (1885), <em>KaraBela<\/em> (\u039c\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 1908) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 <em>Ta\u015fvir-IEfkar<\/em> (\u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u0399\u03b4\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd), <em>Muhbir<\/em>(\u00ab\u039c\u03b7\u03bd\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c1\u00bb), <em>H\u00fcrriyet<\/em> (\u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1),\u00a0<em>Ibret<\/em> (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1),<em>\u00a0Basiret<\/em> (\u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1),<em>\u00a0 Hadika<\/em>(\u039a\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2),<em>\u00a0Ittihad<\/em> (\u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7),<em> Sadakat<\/em> (\u0391\u03c6\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7)\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>Vakit<\/em> (\u03a7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2). <a id=\"_ftnref10\" href=\"#_ftn10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<em>,&nbsp; \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03a3\u03b1\u03b2\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1878<\/em>, \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae 2003 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb&nbsp; 45-46<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a id=\"_ftn2\" href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u0397 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u00a0\u00a0 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1867 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03c0 \u0395\u03c6\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Ali Suavi\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bb \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2, <em>\u039f\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0396\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 1866-18881 \u0397 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/em>, \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 2007, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb 43<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0130nu\u011fur&nbsp; Nuri<em>, Bas\u0131n ve Yay\u0131n Tarihi, <\/em>\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 1982, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb 224.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a id=\"_ftn4\" href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u00ab\u0397 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0398\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0398\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1878 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<strong>\u00bb. <\/strong>\u039e\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7 2022, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb. 35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a id=\"_ftn5\" href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2<em>,\u00a0\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0392\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u03a3\u03b1\u03b2\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1878<\/em>, \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae 2003, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb 66-68<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Kurdakul \u015e\u00fckran, <em>Nam\u0131k Kemal<\/em>, \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 2003, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb 25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Mard\u0131n \u015eerif, <em>Yeni Osmanl&nbsp; D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin Do\u011fusu, <\/em>\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 1998, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb&nbsp; 445-446<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, <em>\u0395\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c21923-1950, <\/em>\u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 1992, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb 142-149<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Kocak Cemil,<em> Yeni Osmanl\u0131lar ve Birinci Mesrutiyet,<\/em> \u03c3\u03b5 <em>&nbsp;Modern<\/em> <em>Turkiye\u2019de Siyasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce,<\/em> \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 2003, \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb 72-73<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Aydo\u011fdu Nergiz Y\u0131lmaz, Kara Ismail, <em>Nam\u0131k Kemal Osmanl\u0131 Modernle\u015fmesinin Meseleleri<\/em>, \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 2005, \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 1, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*\u00a0\u039f <strong>\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <\/strong>\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1968, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039f\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u039e\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 1990 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf 1993 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc Master of Arts \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2002 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u0391\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd. \u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2\u00a0\u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039e\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2* \u039f Nam\u0131k Kemal\u00a0 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b6\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f\u00a0Nam\u0131k Kemal \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc (\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 Tekirda\u011f) \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0398\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1848 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u00a0\u03c3\u03b5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":125669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-125668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-uncategorized","tag-istorika"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u039f \u03a1\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 Nam\u0131k Kemal (1840-1888) - \u03a6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fosfanariou.gr\/index.php\/2026\/03\/21\/o-raidestinos-logotechnis-kai-dimosiografos-namik-kemal-1840-1888\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u039f \u03a1\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 Nam\u0131k Kemal (1840-1888) - \u03a6\u03c9\u03c2 \u03a6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2-\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2* \u039f Nam\u0131k Kemal\u00a0 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u039f\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b8\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae 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